ZK Multisig Execution
ZK Multisig Execution is the mechanism that turns a finalized governance decision into an enforceable action—without revealing who approved it, how approvals were coordinated, or how internal authority is structured.
It is the final governance gate before funds or state can be changed.
Purpose
Traditional multisig execution leaks critical information:
Public signer addresses
Approval order and timing
Internal power structure
Decision coordination patterns
For funds and DAOs, this creates:
Targeted attacks on signers
External pressure on key approvers
Long-term intelligence leakage
ZK Multisig Execution eliminates these risks by replacing signatures with zero-knowledge approval proofs.
Governance-Bound Execution
In ZKFund, execution is inseparable from governance.
An action can only be executed if:
A proposal has been finalized by ZK Voting
The proposal explicitly defines execution requirements
The required number of approvals is proven cryptographically
There is no “manual override” and no trusted executor.
ZK Multisig Approval Model
Each approval is represented by a ZK multisig proof.
A signer’s proof demonstrates:
Valid membership in the signer set
Authorization for the specific proposal
One-time approval for that execution context
What the proof does not reveal:
Signer identity
Wallet address
Approval timing relative to others
Approvals are counted, not identified.
Execution Thresholds
Execution thresholds are defined per proposal and enforced on-chain.
Examples:
3-of-5 signers for swaps
2-of-3 managers for withdrawals
DAO-level execution for critical parameters
Threshold rules are:
Immutable after proposal creation
Evaluated deterministically
Enforced without exposing signer composition
Execution Flow
1. Finalized Proposal
Governance produces a finalized state
Execution is unlocked but not yet permitted
2. Approval Proof Submission
Authorized signers submit ZK multisig proofs
Each proof is bound to:
Proposal ID
Fund ID
Execution epoch
3. Threshold Verification
The contract verifies:
Proof validity
Non-reuse of approvals
Satisfaction of m/n threshold
4. Execution Authorization
Once the threshold is met:
Execution becomes valid exactly once
Further approvals are rejected
Replay is impossible
Anti-Replay & Safety Guarantees
ZK Multisig Execution enforces:
Single-use approvals Proofs cannot be reused or replayed
Context binding Proofs are valid only for one proposal
Time constraints Expired proposals cannot be executed
Deterministic execution No ambiguity in when execution is allowed
Observability
What observers can verify:
The proposal was executed
The required threshold was met
All proofs were valid
What observers cannot infer:
Who approved
How many signers exist beyond the threshold
Internal approval structure
Why ZK Multisig Is Critical
Without ZK multisig:
Governance privacy leaks at execution
Signers become attack vectors
Internal structure becomes observable
ZK Multisig ensures that:
Authority is enforced
Power holders remain protected
Execution is final and irreversible
Relationship to Settlement
ZK Multisig does not move assets.
It produces a single outcome:
“This proposal is authorized to execute.”
Actual asset movement and state changes are handled by the Settlement Layer, under strict constraints defined by the proposal.
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